Travel, Business and Petroleum Engineering

This post is an elaboration of the  "Mud Invasion Profile" slide  which I share in my previous post  [CLICK HERE ] . This explanation will  fit the best if you want to present the  "Mud Invasion Profile" slide  at page 4 What is Resistivity? Before going further to resistivity, we should know what resistance is first. Resistance can be defined as voltage divided by the current. The concept of resistance is parallel to the concept of  ”friction” in mechanical. It defines how hard electric current can pass. The Ohm's Law states that ideally the ratio of voltage and current are always constant. That’s why it is believed that the resistance depends on material and condition being used to flow the current. Unlike density, which will not change as the material is cut, resistance will change if the material’s geometry or volume changes. That is why more than just the material, the geometrical properties also affect the resistance. After we know abo

This post is an elaboration of the  "Mud Invasion Profile" slide  which I share in my previous post  [CLICK HERE ] . This explanation will  fit the best if you want to present the  "Mud Invasion Profile" slide  at page 2 These are very basic questions that many people outside Petroleum Industry ask. We’ll discuss these terms as simply as possible What is Porosity? Porosity is the ratio of the volume of the pores or empty space/void in the rocks to the total volume of the mass. What is Permeability? The ability of the rock to transmit fluids Are they connected to each other? By definition, there is no connection between porosity and permeability. The porosity might get higher but with the same permeability. The tendency will show higher permeability, but there is no universal correlation between permeability and porosity. But there are people researching the relationship between porosity and permeability e

This post is an elaboration of the  "Petroleum Production System" slide  which I share in my previous post  [CLICK HERE ] . This explanation will  f it the best if you want to present the  "Petroleum Production System" slide  at page 12 Packer The main purposes of Packers in a well are to provide structural (anchor the tubing to casing) and sealing purpose. From The isolation and structural functions can be detailed as:

This post is an elaboration of the  "Petroleum Production System" slide  which I share in my previous post  [CLICK HERE ] . This explanation will  f it the best if you want to present the  "Petroleum Production System" slide  at page 7 The layer of formation which has been drilled will be classified as reservoir if it traps sufficient amount of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon, or commonly known as oil and gas, is a molecule with composition of chemical elements hydrogen (H) and carbon (C). Oil and gas made up of these two elements, with very diverse proportions. The Oil deposits found in one place will very rarely be found in other places with the same composition. There are many factors effecting the composition of the hydrocarbon, including the history of the maturation. Hydrocarbon itself consists of a liquid phase (oil) and a gas phase, depending on the reservoir condition it takes place (pressure and temperature). Changes in reservoir conditions will result i

This post is an elaboration of the "Mud Invasion Profile" slide which I share in my previous post  [CLICK HERE ] . This explanation will fit the best if you want to present the  "Mud Invasion Profile" slide at page 5 until 6. Please download the  FREE  slide in my previous post [CLICK HERE]  to get the whole analysis, colorful demonstration, and easier understanding.

Introduction This is the schematic picture of petroleum production system. The production system is the system that transports reservoir fluids from the subsurface reservoir to the surface, processes and treats the fluids, and prepares the fluids for storage and transfer to the market. As shown in the picture, the basic elements of the production system start from Reservoir, Wellbore, Surface wellhead, flowlines, and processing equipment. A ‘‘reservoir’’ is a porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is characterized by a single natural pressure system. Oil and gas wells are drilled like an upside-down telescope. The large-diameter borehole section is at the top of the well. Each section is cased to the surface, or a liner is placed in the well that laps over the last casing in the well. Each casing or liner is cemented into the well (usually up to at least wher

Introductions Invasion, the process by which wellbore fluids leak off into permeable formations, is a potential source of damage to well productivity.    When mud filtrate is forced into the porous zone during the fluid invasion process, it creates blockage due to one or more of several mechanisms that may reduce the absolute permeability or restrict flow due to relative permeability or viscous effects. Hydration or dehydration of swelling clays, dispersion or flocculation of swelling or non-sweI1ing clays and formation particles or dissolution of cementing materials results in formation of fines which move within the pore spaces. thereby adversely affecting its permeability.